Vet World Vol.17 September-2024 Article - 15
Research Article
Veterinary World, 17(9): 2077-2087
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2077-2087
Enhancing feed fermentation in rice straw basal diets using leaf protein concentrate as a novel ruminant supplement derived from Indigofera zollingeriana
2. Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production, Bogor, Indonesia.
3. Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Indonesia.
4. Research Center for Horticulture, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.
Background and Aim: Rice straw, a widely available agricultural byproduct globally, has significant potential as a basal diet for livestock. The major challenge lies in obtaining high-protein foliage that can be easily extracted using natural water rather than chemical solvents. This study aimed to assess the ability of distilled water to extract protein concentrate from Indigofera leaves (Indigofera zollingeriana Miq.) and to evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing rumen feed fermentation and digestibility in low-quality rice straw basal diets.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in two experimental series. Experiment 1 was designed to explore the ability of distilled water to extract protein concentrate from fresh and dry Indigofera leaves by comparing it with the 0.1 N NaOH standard solvent. Experiment 2 focused on the in vitro digestibility of protein concentrates extracted from fresh Indigofera leaves based on optimal findings from experiment 1. Five treatments consisting of 0.5% and 1.0% protein concentrate and two extractants (distilled water and 0.1 N NaOH) were used to extract protein from Indigofera leaves. These extracts were then added to rice straw-based diets. Rice straw without supplements was used as a control. The treatments were arranged using a randomized complete design with five replicates.
Results: The results of experiment 1 showed that distilled water was superior to 0.1 N NaOH for extracting protein concentrate from fresh Indigofera leaves, as revealed by higher dry matter, protein yield, total amino acids (AA), and total essential AA (EAA) production. For in vitro experiment 2, supplementation with distilled water-extracted protein concentrates successfully increased rumen fermentation and digestibility in rice straw basal diets, as indicated by higher gas production, total volatile fatty acid, and microbial protein levels compared with 0.1 N NaOH.
Conclusion: Findings from this study confirm that Indigofera leaf protein concentrate offers a new alternative for enhancing rumen feed fermentation and the digestibility of low-quality rice straw diets. This study implies that it is an easy, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly approach, particularly beneficial for smallholders, to extract protein concentrate from fresh Indigofera leaves using distilled water and use it to enhance the quality of rice straw for ruminant feed. The limitation of this study is that the Indigofera supplement was established using in vitro digestibility under controlled laboratory conditions, which does not reflect real rumen conditions. Therefore, further studies using in vivo digestibility in ruminant animals are required to confirm the ability of the protein extracted from indigofera to enhance rumen feed fermentation in low-protein basal diets.
Keywords: distilled water solvent, Indigofera, leaf protein concentrate, rice straw, rumen fermentation.
How to cite this article: Puastuti W, Yulistiani D, Haryati T, Rakhmani SIW, Widiawati Y, Kusumaningrum DA, Wina E, Jayanegara A, and Anda M (2024) Enhancing feed fermentation in rice straw basal diets using leaf protein concentrate as a novel ruminant supplement derived from Indigofera zollingeriana, Veterinary World, 17(9): 2077–2087.
Received: 2024-05-06 Accepted: 2024-08-08 Published online: 2024-09-15
Corresponding author: E-mail:
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.2077-2087
Copyright: Puastuti, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
